What is Point of View?

Point of View (POV) is the choice the author makes in determining who will tell the story. Will the story work best if told by a narrator who is not a character or from the perspective of one ore more of the characters?

First person stories – “I” stories – are told as if one of the characters in the story is telling what happened. “I woke up with a headache and headed for the drug store.”

“He” or “she” stories are told either from the narrator’s point of view or one of character’s viewpoints.

The omniscient narrator viewpoint allows the narrator to see all and tell all. It’s the style story teller’s often use when telling a ghost story around a campfire. “It was a dark and stormy night when two teenagers parked out at the old abandoned mansion…”

This style of storytelling allows the author, as narrator, to inject himself or herself into the story to offer an opinion or to express a reaction to the story. Some readers and critics find author intrusion annoying. The literary term is didactic. The big thing to keep in mind is the narrator acts like a god because the narrator sees all, hears all, and may tell all.

There is a softer version of this type of story in which the narrator is less intrusive. The author tells the story from the viewpoint of a single character, like the “I” story, but uses “he” or “she” style writing. “Bob Shay woke up with a headache. He headed for the drug store.”

In this type of story the author parks an imaginary movie camera on top of the head of one of the characters and records what goes on as the character goes through his or her day. This type of writing limits the story to what one character sees, hears, smells, tastes and feels. In some stories, the author moves the camera from one character’s head to another character’s head so you get more than one viewpoint.

Do you have a preference when it comes to POV?

POV is an important component of all stories, including my novel Fulfillment. You may click here for Amazon or click here for paperback. It's pure suspense/thriller, horror, mystery, romance and spiritual warfare told mainly from the POV of Mary, a pregnant teenager with moxie and connections in high places.

Here’s another novel idea…
Enjoy this blog post? Please share it with your friends by clicking the social media buttons below.

What Is a Story Hook?

What is it about a novel that grabs your attention and makes you want to keep reading? Why do you choose one book over another? Authors call it the “hook.” Hooking begins with the front cover where you see the title and the author’s name. If you heard of the author, the name alone may hook you into reading the book. Authors like Stephen King and Dean Koontz fall into this category.

How about the title? Does it snag your attention? It should. It was created to grab your interest like a newspaper headline. The other “hook” on the front cover of a paperback novel is the cover art. Creative cover art leads you to turn the page to learn more.

The title of my novel, Fulfillment, raises questions about what is being fulfilled. We all want to achieve some level of fulfillment, so this must be a story where someone achieves it, right? But the cover also tells you that it is a suspense novel so you know something evil or bad is afoot. The image of a baby in the womb strikes you. And there’s that tiny barely there cross casting its long shadow onto the baby. Is this a novel about Jesus or Christians in some way? Maybe it’s about the fulfillment of a prophecy of some sort. But what prophecy? There’s only one way to find out.

You’re hooked.

Okay, you checked out the cover, and if you’re in a bookstore (remember those?), you checked out the back cover copy, all of which is written to hook you into reading the book. So now you open the book. You read the blurb on the inside of the cover that describes the story. More hooks there. Next, you’re on page one, chapter one. You read the first sentence. What do you think? Do you want to keep reading or does the story sound dopey? 

The first sentence should grab your attention and lead you to the second sentence… and the third. You want to know more. What’s this story all about? The first sentence has to be a big hook. The other big hook, usually on page one of chapter one, is what’s called the “inciting incident.” This is the big hook that makes you want to read the entire book to find out what happens or whodunit. If it’s not on page one, it’s usually somewhere in chapter one.

My novel Fulfillment begins: A loud roar shook the house.

Who or what roared? How can a roar shake a house? What kind of house? Whose house? What does the house look like? Read on and find out if you’re hooked.

The inciting incident, as the name implies, is the action or situation that starts the story. For example, a young couple stops at a remote motel late one night. Once settled in their room, the vampire makes her appearance. The inciting incident is the vampire’s appearance. Usually, the author will be a bit more subtle. The inciting incident will be the wife’s disappearance. Or the car breaks down and they have to stop at a nearby farmhouse for help. The farmhouse looks haunted. Is it? What’s that sound the husband just heard? The wife missed it, but something went bump in the night. From this beginning event, the story is off and running.

Notice that the incident that starts the story raises all sorts of questions. What went bump? Is that house really haunted or just old and dilapidated? Why did the car break down? Can they get it going again or do they have to call for road service? Will their cell phones pick up a signal out here in the middle of nowhere? We know something is going to happen because it is a novel after all, isn’t it? But what? Read on and find out. Oops, you’re hooked.

In Fulfillment, the first sentence describes an event that precedes the inciting incident. The actual inciting incident doesn’t appear until later in chapter one when an angel shows up to deliver a message to the main character. And the inciting incident isn’t the angel’s message, as powerful as it is. Rather it’s the main character’s response to the message that starts the story.

The inciting incident alone doesn’t keep you reading, but it helps. The other thing that keeps you reading is the cliff hanger. That’s the hook at the end of the chapter or the bottom of a page or the end of a scene that makes you want to know more. You can’t put the book down because something awful just happened or is about to happen and you have to know what happens next.

The cliff hanger combines with the opening hook. The first sentence of a chapter or scene makes you want to know more by raising a question or issue in the story. The author wants you to think, “Oh crap, now what’s wrong?” Something is preventing the main character from achieving her goal. What is she going to do? Read the chapter or scene and find out because you’re hooked.

For an example of this double hooking, I end chapter 17 of Fulfillment with the following paragraph:

Into Joseph’s carpenter shop floated a horde of shadowy invisibles to join their compatriots hanging from the ceiling. This new group dripped saliva and panted as they hungered for the lifeblood of a man’s soul.

What do you think? Do you want to know more? I begin the next chapter with this paragraph:

In the darkness, a thousand demons swore insults at Joseph. A million more hurled blasphemies as heavy as boulders upon his body. Yet another million hurled spears and arrows of regret, remorse, sadness, and loneliness.

Hooks grab your attention so that you want to know more. They make the story exciting. Hooks are important to the author because they don’t really want you to put the book down. We’re afraid you’ll never pick it back up. Hooks are important to you as a reader because they increase the excitement of the story and make you want to know more. Keep reading stories that grab your attention and hold it until the words “THE END.”

Want to know more about Fulfillment, click here for Amazon or click here for paperback. It's pure suspense/thriller, horror, mystery, romance and spiritual warfare.

Here’s another novel idea…
Enjoy this blog post? Please share it with your friends by clicking the social media buttons below.

Reading Genre Fiction in a Multi-Genre World

Writing single genre fiction is fine as far as it goes, but the reality is we live in a world of mixed genre. While this may be inconvenient to traditional publishers and the few remaining brick and mortar bookstores, it’s a fact of life. Art imitates life where our lives have a certain amount of mystery, romance, history, and occasional flights of fantasy. Mixing genres in fiction enriches the tale and helps the reader place the story in the familiar.

While literary fiction is less about the story and more about the characters and why people do what they do, genre fiction is about plot. Read genre fiction because you enjoy certain types of stories like sci-fi, romance, mystery, or thriller.

But keep in mind that the stories you enjoy most will have a literary quality to them. The author went deeper than will be obvious when reading for the plot alone. A second or third reading will reveal theme, creative structure, word plays, character foils and other literary devices that make the book more enjoyable with each reading.

Literary is less about the story and more about the characters and why people do what they do.

Genre fiction is about what happens next in a certain type of story. Read genre fiction because you enjoy stories in the genre – sci-fi, romance, mystery, and thriller.

And speaking of thrillers, please consider Fulfillment, click here for Amazon or click here for paperback. It's pure suspense/thriller, horror, mystery, romance and spiritual warfare.

Here’s another novel idea…
Enjoy this blog post? Please share it with your friends by clicking the social media buttons below.

Reading Quality Writing

The challenge in calling some novels “literary” and some novels “genre” is novelists by their nature aspire to a certain level of literary quality. One of the challenges with quality fiction is it becomes difficult to fit a good tale into the confines of a single, simple genre. A good murder mystery also has a great romance, for example. Or a thriller turns on a new scientific breakthrough pushing the story into the sci-fi category. Fantasy writers have no problem mixing horror, suspense, romance, sci-fi, mystery or any other genre into a single story.

Mixing genres is not a sign of good writing, per se, but it does make it difficult for the writer of an excellent mixed genre story to have their work accepted by traditional publishing houses. That’s because traditional publishers think in terms of book sales. They want to know on which shelf to tell the bookstore owner to place their book. So a mystery story is about a mystery in their eyes. They don’t want a lot of other genres muddying the marketing waters.

For this reason, the better genre writers often end up self-publishing their work because it simply does not fit into a nice little single genre definition. Now, you may argue that writing single genre fiction is a discipline and the best writers master it the way a poet masters the sonnet form. And many single genre authors are producing excellent fiction. Dashiell Hammett is one such example whose work is considered classic in the mystery genre. And you not only would be correct, you also would be describing an easier path to traditional publication.

But in your admiration of pure form, don't miss out on the great works of a mixed genre sort to be found in the world of self-publishing. The best way to identify quality in any book, whether traditional or self-published is to read the first chapter. I usually make my decision with the first sentence. If I can walk away from the story after reading the first sentence, the novel isn't for me.

And speaking of tales worth reading, please consider my suspense/thriller novel Fulfillment, click here for Amazon or click here for paperback. It's pure suspense/thriller, horror, mystery, romance and spiritual warfare. Self-publishing at its best even if it is published by PromiseGarden.

Here’s another novel idea…
Enjoy this blog post? Please share it with your friends by clicking the social media buttons below.

Literary fiction is… well… literary

Authors of literary fiction focus on the art of writing as the main interest of the author and the reader. Literary artists write novels that have plot, but they are more concerned about creating a sort of onion effect. The more you read the story, the more you discover. As you peel away one layer of story, say the plot, you find a second story built around the theme. Read the story once for what happens. Go back to ask why. Another reading gets you thinking about how the author created such a beautiful, cohesive whole. You may enjoy the way the author developed the character as the story moved forward. The main character goes through a big change of some sort. Literary stories may or may not have a beginning, a middle and an end.

One example of an artistic onion layer can be found in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises. Read the novel a few times and you begin to see that all the characters equate to bulls or cows of one sort or another. That’s why the author spends so much time telling you about bullfighting and the different types of bulls. Gaining that understanding from a single reading is difficult. Knowing it helps to make the story come together for you.

Meanwhile… back to suspense/thriller novels
Serious writers of suspense/thriller novels or other genre fiction will tell you they do the same thing literary novelists do in creating character depth and layers of artistic merit. And they will point out that most literary authors actually write genre fiction. For example, Charles Dickens, if not the first author of a murder mystery novel, was certainly an early adapter of the genre. So what’s the difference for you as a reader?

The first rule is to find novels you enjoy. Read other novels written by the same author or authors. If you enjoy the classics, you may enjoy modern authors who pride themselves in writing “literary” novels. If you enjoy murder mysteries, read them.

The point is simply this: the better authors invest themselves in developing the literary quality of their work as well as entertaining you with a good plot. “Literary” authors generally are not concerned as much about plot as they are character and literary tradition. They mainly write for themselves as artists. They trust that literary readers will find their work.

Genre authors emphasize telling a compelling story within their genre to entertain their readers. Their stories have a beginning, a middle and an end. They know how to develop a character so you can empathize with her. They know how to make you weep or laugh. They are not afraid to kill off a character, but also recognize there are consequences to their actions. They know how to make you want to turn the page, something literary authors are less concerned about.

Read literary novels when you enjoy an author who plays with the language, writes poetically and provides insights into philosophy and why the world works the way it does. Read genre fiction when you want to enjoy a good tale well told.

And speaking of tales worth telling, please consider my suspense/thriller novel Fulfillment, click here for Amazon or click here for paperback.

Here’s another novel idea…
Enjoy this blog post? Please share it with your friends by clicking the social media buttons below.

What kind of novels do you read?

Remember the bride’s rhyme: “Something Olde, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue, A Sixpence in your Shoe?” Novels are like this. You have lots of options. Most readers of fiction I know focus on reading one type of novel. But some like to mix it up. They’ll read a classic (something old) followed by the latest best seller (something new). They’ll switch from suspense to mystery to sci-fi to romance to literary to whatever captures their fancy.

No matter what kind of novel you prefer, you’ll bring more enjoyment, knowledge and understanding to your reading if you mix your novel choices on occasion.

Novels fall into two main categories: literary and genre. Genre fiction is what most of us read. Genre includes… well… all the genre types such as romance, suspense/thriller, science fiction, fantasy, and mystery. Bookstores, if you can still find one, organize their shelves by genre.

Read literary novels when you enjoy an author who plays with the language, writes poetically and provides insights into their philosophy of life and why the world works the way it does. Literary novelists dive deeper into the emotional storms of life to explore the passions that motivate us to action. Literary fiction builds on the tradition behind it so the more you know about the American novel, for example, the more you gain from reading it. Same is true for the English novel or South American novel. The literary tradition provides a wealth of novels to explore and enjoy.

As you consider your next novel purchase or library visit, consider following the bridal advice by choosing “Something Olde, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue, A Sixpence in your Shoe.”

And while you're choosing, please consider my suspense/thriller novel Fulfillment, click here for Amazon or click here for paperback.

Here’s another novel idea…
Enjoy this blog post? Please share it with your friends by clicking the social media buttons below.

Three Steps to Murder

My current series of blog posts is focused on how to read a suspense novel rather than how to write one. Today, let’s look into the way an author goes about the business of offing a character. There’s no one correct way, of course, but for what it’s worth, here’s how I go about the writing process when I want to dispatch a character in one of my novels:

Step 1. I become a method actor and play the role of the killer. What's the killer's motivation? What's the killer's back story? Is the killer ex-military? Ex-police? A drug-crazed psychopath? Is the murder a planned execution or a crime of passion? The weapon comes out of the character's back story and motivation. Where does the murder take place? The killer in a crime of passion finds his or her weapon at the scene usually because there is no premeditation. The exception is a case like the O.J. Simpson trial where the killer clearly premeditated his or her actions by bringing a knife to the scene. In this case, you would want your character to have extreme anger issues and a history of violent behavior.

Step 2. I describe the scene as a dark place. Even in the bright sunshine of a usually happy place, I look for ways to describe the scene as dark. If the killer strikes on the fifth fairway of a golf course on a sunny Saturday afternoon, I bring in an unexpected cloud cover. I kill off some bushes or trees so the place starts to look like a graveyard. I have the groundskeeper neglect this particular fairway so it's weedy and overgrown in spots. Nobody replaces their divots on this fairway. The idea is to make the reader feel the darkness.

Step 3. I focus on moving the plot forward and hooking the reader to want to continue. While learning "Whodunit" is usually sufficient reason to turn the page, I might break the scene just before the crime. Or I might break the scene with the reader knowing the crime was committed but not certain the victim died. Or do something to make the reader want to know more. I want the reader to go: "Huh, is that it? There has to be more. Oh, wait. Look, there is more. There's another chapter."

Choose your weapon
Unless you are making the weapon a kind of character or important plot device like the yellow Rolls Royce in the film "The Yellow Rolls Royce" (sorry, couldn't think of a new movie), the weapon isn't important but the reader likes to know specifics. If using a pistol, the reader wants to know not only that it's a Glock, but also which model and why the killer chose that model (it's compact and hides well in your pocket).

You can get that sort of information with a Google search. Since most of the time, the weapon is not as important as the fact that someone got bumped off, the weapon is only important to the investigation, not the crime itself. What does that mean? It means that the candlestick is just as deadly as a well-placed homemade explosive device that required the killer to spend six years in the military perfecting his or her craft. You don't need an exotic weapon to make your story interesting. You need an interesting story that makes the reader want to turn the page. The choice of weapon is at best the icing on the cake, not the cake.

Free weapon ideas: In an episode of Alfred Hitchcock's TV series, the wife murders her husband by clobbering him with a frozen chunk of meat, probably a leg of lamb. She then cooks the lamb and serves it to the investigating police officer. Another great weapon is the ice cycle which is a self-destructing chunk of evidence.

The Literary Weapon
Sometimes the author chooses the weapon because he or she wants the reader to connect the weapon to some larger point the author is trying to make. For example, if I want to convince you that war is evil, I’ll blow up a school filled with children with a misplaced artillery shell. If I want to make a point about the villain’s sexual prowess or lack thereof, I’ll choose a weapon for its phallic import, such as a Bowie knife.  If I want you to think the victim is the true villain, I’ll have the killer hang them or electrocute them or give them a chemical injection. And If I just want to make a mess, I’ll have the victim visit a busy industrial machine shop at the wrong time.

As a reader, consider the author’s intent in picking the weapon. In some cases it’s simply a plot device to remove a character from the stage. But when the author connects the weapon in some additional way to the story, making a symbol of it, you are in for an interesting read beyond the plot itself.

Sometimes to kill off a character, I'll let Satan do my dirty work. To learn more about my suspense novel Fulfillment, click here for Amazon or click here for paperback.

Here’s another novel idea…
Enjoy this blog post? Please share it with your friends by clicking the social media buttons below.